Abstract:Detecting and removing defective apples is an essential approach to reducing losses and enhancing economic benefits in the apple industry， as well as an important guarantee for the quality and safety of apples.Traditional manual detection methods are inefficient， highly subjective， and prone to misjudgment. Therefore，researching and developing rapid， accurate， and non-destructive technology is of great significance for detecting apple defects. This article first introduced the common defects of apples and analyzed their definitions and causes. Then， it summarized non-destructive detection technologies for apple defects from the perspectives of light， sound， and electromagnetic methods， comprehensively analyzing the research progress of various detection technologies， comparing their advantages and disadvantages， and looking forward to future development directions. This review aims to provide a reference for research on non-destructive detection of apple defects.