Abstract:A comparative study was conducted on the differences of bacterial diversity in the fresh Qula（XZL）and dried Qula（GLZ）in Tibet.In this study，the 16S rDNA V1-V3 regions of fresh Qula sample and dried Qula sample from Nyingchi were sequenced by high-throughput sequencing technology to analyse the diversity and community structure of bacteria systematicly.The results showed that 29566.67±1703.40 high-quality sequences and 594.33±36.26 OTUs were obtained from XZL，33604.67±2042.39 high-quality sequences and 690.67±56.82 OTUs were obtained from GLZ.Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the dominant phylum in different samples at the phylum level.72 genus and 96 genus were obtained in XZL and GLZ，and the dominant bacterial genera in the two samples were Lactococcus，Serratia and Acinetobacter at the genus level.The Simpson index，Chao1 index，ACE index，and Shannon index were used to evaluate the alpha diversity of the samples，and the results showed that the Simpson index，Chao1 index，ACE index，and Shannon index were 0.90±0.01，760.21±133.80，775.91 ±116.98，5.46 ±0.05 and 0.90±0.01，595.31±45.23，602.15 ± 49.33，5.39±0.17 in GLZ and XZL respectively，and the results indicated that the GLZ had a relatively high abundance.